#1: Science is a changing and growing collection of knowledge, characterized by transparency (all methods are documented, and the lineage of ideas can be traced) and testability (prior work can be repeated or its results evaluated). It is an edifice of information that contains all of the details of its construction.
#2: Science is what scientists do. We have institutions that train people and employ them in the business of generating new knowledge — contributing to that edifice in definition #1 — and we have procedures like the bestowal of degrees and ranks that certify one's membership in the hallowed ranks of science.
#3: Science is a process. It is a method for exploring the natural world by making observations, drawing inferences, and testing those inferences with further experimentation and observation. It isn't so much the data generated as it is a way of thinking critically about the universe and our own interpretations of it.
There are essentially three different usages of the word "Science" that I have seen, and Pharyngula neatly sums them all up. #1 is the layman's definition, #2 is the research scientist's, and #3 is the educator's. When I student-taught middle school science, one of our main goals was showing the kids that they ARE scientsts themselves and that they already do use the process of science in their everyday lives, so it's not something big and scary and separate from them.
I think #1 is more like the research scientist's definition*. #2 is the Department Chair or deputy minister's definition. You're right about #3, that's how Sagan or Gould or a good high school teacher would succinctly explain it.
ReplyDeleteIMO, the true "layperson" apparently has NO definition of science, and in many cases virtually no interest in it beyond what will benefit them at the Sony Store or the doctor's office. This of course leaves them vulnerable to every distortion that comes down the pike, from Creationism to homeopathy.
*(I just wish "all methods are documented" was actually true, so I didn't have to reinvent the wheel twice a day ;)
My point is that the general person knows what topics are taught in a science class. They may not understand WHY those are part of science, but they view science as a shopping list of topics.
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